Our book goes on at some length about the influence of tipping, or baksheesh, in Egyptian culture.  It leads you to believe that you will be plagued all day every day with not-so-subtle demands for cash for all sorts of mildly helpful things like opening a door or answering a question.  Until today we had hardly encountered these requests and I thought maybe the whole baksheesh thing had been overblown.  However, until today we hadn’t really entered the main tourist trail.  How things changed when we visited the only remaining ancient wonder of the world.

Today we went to Giza, site of the famous pyramids and sphinx, and Saqqara, site of some other pyramids.  Today was one big exercise in avoiding getting ripped off and not trusting any information that anyone gave us.  It was really quite annoying.

The day started with us hiring a taxi off the street for the day to take us to the various sites and wait for us while we looked.  Ian made quick work of that because there was a guy standing right outside our hotel trying to rustle up taxi business.  The book gave us a guideline of a fair price and the guy agreed to the top end of that range (200 pounds for the day, which is about 28 Euros).  He took us to Giza and the fun started when he pulled up next to a place where we could “look at a map” and something about a horse.  We immediately realized that the scams were beginning and asked to just go to the ticket booth, but some guy who spoke much better English than our driver was on at us about how far it was and how we would have to walk with our children, blah blah blah.  I must confess that I was almost drawn in by the idea of taking a horse and carriage around all the pyramids and not having to walk at all, but luckily we managed to fight them off and proceeded with caution to the ticket booth.  By this point we weren’t at all confident that it was the real ticket booth, but it did provide a ticket with a hologram seal, so we were good to go.

We went in and looked at the sphinx and then headed up the hill to the pyramids.  On the way, we had many offers for vastly cheaper horse carts / camels / donkeys / what have you.  We would clearly have been insane to have gone with the guy down in the parking lot.

On the way up the hill to the pyramids, many many men approached us with the camel rides or extremely crappy souvenirs and delivered their usual opening line “where are you from?”  To which we replied “Holland” while continuing to walk along.  Then comes the standard “Ah! Allemachtig prachtig!” or, perhaps “allemachtig prachtig tachtig!”, which translate to almighty gorgeous and almighty gorgeous eighty, respectively.  We responded with a smile that weakened with repetition and continued along.  Most people didn’t try much harder than that, probably realizing that the quality of their goods was such that only one in one thousand people would bite and that the ones who will bite will make themselves immediately apparent.  Kind of like the Nigerian “I am the widow of a very bad rich man and I need your help getting my money out of my corrupt country” e-mail scam.  However there are a couple of incidents that stand out in my memory.

We were contemplating going into one of the pyramids, but were running short on time.  So as we stood outside the entrance debating it, a guy approached us, asked us where we were from, gave us an allemachtig prachtig, and began stuffing our arms full of goods.  He began with me, shoving a headscarf into the crack of my arm somewhere that it basically would stick without me grabbing it.  He asked Ian if he could buy me for one million camels because I was so beautiful (perhaps our most dedicated readers will recall that this same line was used on us many moons ago at a camel market in Al Ain in the UAE, if I recall the city name correctly).  I tried to give the headscarf back but he wouldn’t take it, saying “no, it is a gift, no money, because I love the Holland people!”  Then he stuck one on my head and told me that I looked like a queen.  Hm.  Anyway, we started walking away.  I kept trying to thrust the headscarf back to him, only to be greeted with his “because I love the Holland people!” line.  As we continued to walk, he kept digging into his bag of goodies for gifts for the children and thrust a little pyramid statue at Ian.  We kept saying no thank you and he finally, after what felt like forever, gave up.  I handed him the scarf back and he said to Ian “give me the pyramid” and that was finally it.  Sheesh.

As we walked along, several of the tourist police gestured to their camels to tell us to take a picture of them, only to then ask us to baksheesh him once we had.  We chose to take one guy’s picture seated on his camel and gave him the stately sum of 1 pound, but then continued to see others who would gesture to their camels and say “it’s okay, (and pointing to the badge on his arm) police.”  Of course, if we had taken a picture of the camel, we would definitely have been hit up for baksheesh.

Finally, at Saqqara, there was a guy with a donkey who basically abducted Eloïse and stuck her on his donkey.  Ian was a bit ahead of us at this time and I told the guy that I didn’t even have a camera.  Of course he said the usual “no money!” while putting her on there and telling me to take a picture.  If you know Eloïse, you’ll know that she wasn’t at all keen on this plan and was looking extremely suspicious and reaching out to me to take her off the donkey.  Ian finally took the picture because we just weren’t going to get away from this one without a fight, and baksheeshed him lightly.

Ironically, lots of people want to take Eloïse’s picture.  They all think she’s the bee’s knees.  Our day in Saqqara ended with an Egyptian woman approaching me, asking me where I was from (she seemed to nice, but my heart sank at that question) and then very politely asking to take Eloïse’s picture.  Of course I said to go right ahead and she and every member of her party posed in turns with Eloïse, who is not sure what to think about all these pictures.  In most of them she looks quite suspicious and has her fingers in her mouth (or nose).  After she kissed Eloïse, thanked us profusely, and walked away, I commented to Ian that we should have demanded some baksheesh.

Our first stop of the day was the main reason that most tourists come to Egypt in the first place, the Giza Necropolis, home to the last of the seven wonders of the ancient world to remain standing and substantially intact, the Pyramid of Cheops, amongst others.

What can one say about the pyramids at Giza? Television and books do much to prepare you for them. Who hasn’t seen images of the wonders of engineering on a travel programme or a historical documentary?

We’d also been to the Mayan pyramids at Chichen Itza and other sites in the Mexican Yucatan, so their Egyptian counterparts came as no great surprise, awesome though they be.

The Great Sphinx was somewhat smaller than I’d imagined, and a little more crumbly, but still a marvel to behold. When you finally arrive here, after four decades of life on the planet and endless exposure to images of these behemoths, it’s hard, in a sense, to conceive of the notion that you’re actually here for the first time. Everything seems strangely familiar.

Nevertheless, we can now cross a major item off our list of things to see before we die. Although they’ve lasted this long, one wonders how much longer these remnants of an ancient civilisation can withstand the suffocating pollution of the current one. Perhaps all of this will have turned to dust in a few hundred years or less.

The hawkers of trinkets and other tourist tat are at their worst here. Nowhere on Earth have I had to endure the high-pressure sales techniques employed at this location, which include running after you and stuffing items into the crease of your elbow or the folds of your clothes, even as you hurry away. These items are ostensibly a gift: “Because I love the Dutch people! You are so good at football!”

After trying to hand back these so-called gifts with no success, I soon adopted to the practice of sincerely thanking my benefactor and then just walking away. I found that these thinly veiled salespeople would then invariably catch up with me and ask me for a small donation towards the gift. Aha! The cat starts to emerge from the bag!

I would then refuse, at which point all pretence slipped away and I was asked to return the very lovely head garment and miniature pyramid. Huh? But you said they were a gift! I thought you loved me! How could you? What an Indian-giver!

Even one’s children become unwilling human crowbars in the unrelenting effort to prise money from their tight-fisted parents. Before you know it, a cunning donkey or camel runner has swooped like a vulture, grabbed one of your children from your side and perched them on the back of a rather disgruntled-looking ship of the desert. You are then encouraged to snap away with your camera and, of course, the moment that you do, the game’s over and the not so subtle gesturing for baksheesh begins.

I make it sound worse than it actually is, as long as you are firm but friendly with these people. God help anyone not up to dealing with this kind of badgering and intimidation, because they’ll be stripped of their last cent by the time they get to the top of the hill and behold Cheops in all its glory. I even saw people pestering tourists for baksheesh without so much as the pretence of something being offered in return. A man was literally approaching tourists, gesturing for cash and — to my great surprise — receiving it from some battle-weary sightseers, who presumably just wanted to be left alone at any cost.

Even the police here will demand baksheesh for helping you. They’ll encourage you, for example, to take a picture of them mounted on their camel and then demand a price for it. The price for all of these services is never very much, up to about E£5, but it does get tiresome.

Nevertheless, the whole Egyptian economy seems to run on this basis and you quickly get used to it, developing a sense of when baksheesh will and won’t be expected. In a public toilet, for example, someone will spring from the shadows and turn on the tap for you to wash your hands. When you’ve finished rinsing them, he’s there with some paper towels. When your hands are dry, he’ll spray some scent on them. And as you leave, he’ll point to the pot of baksheesh for you to do your duty. Operating the tap oneself, finding one’s own paper towel and going without scent seemingly isn’t an option. Just be glad he doesn’t want to hold your cock while you piss.

But I digress. This entry isn’t, or shouldn’t be, about baksheesh. It’s about the glory of the pyramids.

We soaked up as much as we could of the Giza site and were getting hungry as we headed back to meet our taxi driver.

Our next stop was سقار (Saqqara), the necropolis of the ancient Egyptian capital, منف‎ (Memphis). On the way there, our taxi driver took us to a dodgy craft village to get a bite to eat, in spite of my insistence earlier in the day that we were not to be taken to any tourist traps along the way. We were starving by this point, however, so succumbed to his blatant attempt to earn a kickback and ate a filling, if overpriced and not terribly inspired meal there. It was better than the alternative of insisting on being taken somewhere else, with no guarantee that anywhere else would be cheaper or better.

At Saqqara, the actual site was less impressive than Giza, but it was also less busy and there were fewer touts to contend with. An hour was ample to get around the site.

When you’re planning your day, it always seems as if there will be time for more, but these two sites were enough to fill our day. We returned to the taxi and headed back to central Cairo. I paid our driver, baksheeshed him (naturally) for his services, and we crossed the road to our hotel for a short rest before dinner.

Said dinner was a fantastic bowl of كشر (kushari) at the venerable Cairene institution of Abou Tarek. It was completely vegetarian and absolutely delicious. For me, it came as a pleasant change from the conveyor belt of kofta and other meat-based dishes that I’ve been eating over the last few days.

As always, our pale-faced, red-headed children proved a big hit with the dining locals. Local ladies picked them up, kissed them and plied them with sweets while laughing and smiling at us. Lukie loves all of the attention, whereas Eloïse doesn’t really know what to make of all the fuss, but goes along with it, anyway, for the most part.

We’d promised Eloïse an ice-cream, so we stopped off at the perpetually mobbed Koueider bakery on the way back to the hotel. I forewent the ice-cream and instead had cake and coffee at a coffee shop just across the road from our hotel.

We have to be up at the crack of dawn tomorrow for an early departure to the White Desert, where we’ll spend the next five days sequestrated from the chaos of urban Egypt.

That’s marks the end of our Internet access for a while, too, as we’ll be sleeping in a tent with no electricity or other distractions of the modern world.

With just us, our children and the sand dunes around us, this is going to be quite an adventure. Shitting in a hole in the sand may not be for everyone, but given the extent to which technology permeates our daily lives, I can think of no better way to cleanse our minds and bodies than to retreat from the madness for a few days in the solitude of the Egyptian desert.

For this year only, the Islamic calendar coincides with the Gregorian calendar to place Mohammed’s birthday on the same day as my own. And yet, whilst I could scarcely have failed to notice the hordes clamouring to celebrate the anniversary of their prophet’s manifestation on Earth this afternoon, I knew about my own birthday thanks only to a bunch of canned happy birthday messages from various discussion forums I’m a member of. How sweet of you to remember,

Apparently, I’m 43. Fuck that! How am I celebrating it? you ask. I’m not; I’m 43, for fuck’s sake. What’s on Earth is good about that?

Today, we moseyed over to the Egyptian Museum and blitzed the place before the children could complain too much. We saw the main stuff we wanted to see, such as the royal mummies and the Tutankhamun exhibition. Beyond that, we took in as much as we could, but then the inevitable wail of “Can we go now?” began to rise and we our time at the museum was done.

Outside, we agreed a fare and hopped in a taxi to خان الخليل (Khan el-Khalili), the souk in Islamic Cairo that we failed to locate yesterday. Prior to entering, we dove into Gad for delicious falafel, شيش طاوو (shish taouk) and strawberry juice.

With lunch out of the way, we had a look around جامع الأزه (the Al-Azhar Mosque) before entering the Khan el-Khalili souk. It was fun, but after the souks of Istanbul, Muscat and Dubai, we feel pretty spoilt. Before leaving, we popped into Qahwet el Fishawy to revitalise ourselves with mango juice.

Leaving was a little tricky, as a massive Islamic procession was arriving on Midan Hussein square. Women were ululating (how do they do that?), sweets were being strewn, the TV cameras were rolling and the men were marching with banners. This was clearly a huge event.

An Egyptian man informed me that my wife was showing too much flesh and, sure enough, Sarah’s shirt had ridden up where her sling was tied to reveal a sliver of her waist: definitely not the done thing in this most conservative of neighbourhoods. She quickly covered herself up.

We eventually burrowed a route through the crowds to the main road, where we found a taxi and headed back to our hotel.

I’m too tired to write any more and still struggling with sickness, which is causing headaches and fatigue. I feel as if I’ve done a day’s walking before I’ve even left the hotel. And then comes a day of walking.

Still, the temperature here is very reasonable. It can’t have been much more than 21°C today and the rain stayed away. Here’s hoping we’ll all shake the sickness by the morning. Tomorrow promises to be a very full day.

I’m grateful to her for covering for me, actually, because I’m still feeling pretty ropey. I felt fine yesterday evening, but have suffered something of a relapse today. The diarrhoea has gone, but I’ve been fighting off a headache and fatigue all day. I wouldn’t be surprised if this were due to, or at least exacerbated by, the fumes that I’ve been breathing in all day. As Sarah mentioned, Cairo has more than 20 million inhabitants. That’s more people in a single city than in the whole country back home. And we live pretty densely in the Netherlands. Well, wait until you see Cairo!

The downside of that is the emissions from the vehicles here. The pollution is incredible; we’re talking Bangkok levels, as least as far as my uncalibrated nose is concerned. If you could get high on diesel fumes, this would be a junkie’s paradise.

Whatever the reason(s), I was definitely not operating at full strength today, as we made our way along streets with pavements that were almost certainly not created with the comfort of buggy pushers in mind, to Cairo’s Islamic district.

My impressions of Cairo are best summed up by our guidebook. I really couldn’t say it better myself, so I’ll just quote from the book:

The crowds on a Cairo footpath make Manhattan look like a ghost town. Your life will flash before you eyes each time you venture across a street. And your snot will turn black from the smog.

Sounds bad, right?

But there’s more:

But it’s a small price to pay. This city has an energy, palpable even at three in the morning, like no other. It’s the product of its 20 million inhabitants waging a battle against the desert and winning (mostly), of 20 million people simultaneously crushing the city’s infrastructure under their collective weight and lifting the city’s spirit up with their uncommon graciousness and humour.

That about sums it up, really. The city has a vibrancy all its own. Egyptians who travel to Europe must think our cities are populated by zombies. They must seem as if they are run as hospitals. Here, anything goes. And although the city feels as if t’s on the brink of chaos, its people are very friendly, indeed.

We walked to dinner through torrential rain, leaping over the potholes that had now turned into wells of muddy, oily water.

When we got to our destination, we found it had been worth braving the rain. Dinner was a delicious meal of شاورم (shawarma), bread and salad. Egyptian food gets the thumbs-up from me, although I couldn’t really tell you what differentiates it from Iranian, Lebanese, Emirati and Omani cuisine, which all seem very similar to me.

Egypt feels very Middle Eastern to me, and it’s hard to remember that it’s actually in Africa. The culture betrays its location, though, which is as close to the Middle East as you can get, whilst still being in Africa.

Cairo in torrential rain.

As we walked back from dinner, the heavens really opened. Thunderbolts rockets across the city and flashes of lightning turned night into day for just an instant.

One street that we had crossed on the way to dinner was now almost completely under water. We stopped for a moment, while I took a picture of it with my phone’s camera.

We’re told that Cairo gets about one day a year of weather like this, so I suppose we should feel privileged. On the other hand, the staff of our hotel inform us that the weather will remain like this for the rest of the week, which makes us feel that our luck is more of the bad variety than the good.

Whatever the weather, we won’t be able to swap it for better, so we’ll just have to make the best of it, rain or shine.

We’re staying in a nice hotel which is on the fifth floor of an old nondescript building downtown.  You would never suspect that a nice hotel existed upstairs when you arrived.  You enter the dark and dirty building lobby and go up via a truly ancient elevator, which is basically just an iron cage on a cord, but when you get upstairs, it’s lovely.

We spent the day today wandering aimlessly around Cairo, which is pretty enormous.  Our cab driver last night told us that there are 25 million inhabitants.  I thought it was 20, but you get the idea.  It was raining this morning and we weren’t aware before we left our room because our windows face out onto a narrow courtyard such that you don’t really look out the window carefully.  It wasn’t raining that hard, though, so we didn’t alter our clothing choices once we realized it.  But Cairo seems to be permanently coated in a fine layer of black silt, such that the rain turned the whole place into a mud pit.  Eloïse splattered a huge amount of mud onto the backs of her bare legs and the skirt of her dress.  I’m hoping that I’ll be able to get it out.  Even Ian was embarrassed while walking around.  He said that people were laughing at her.  That’s the kind of thing that I would usually think and he would tell me that I’m ridiculous.  As the person wearing a baby in a wrap all day, I’m pretty convinced that they were actually laughing about Lukie.  Clearly a baby in a sling is an unusual sight.

Having spent the entire day walking in a very crowded city, I can still say that we didn’t see a single stroller of any sort all day.  As with the people of Oman, Egyptians seems to prefer carrying their children.  Last night when we were out seeking our dinner (late, it must have been 10:15 or something), I saw lots of women carrying their very small babies just as we had in Oman: wrapped up in a lot of furry blankets like little burritos with virtually no baby sticking out.  It was interesting last night that children of all ages were out.  That was also reminiscent of our UAE/Oman trip.

We had a tasty lunch at some random place on the street that had smelled nice as we walked by earlier in the day.  They also gave us crackers made of  fried pita bread as we walked by and they were yummy.  So we headed back and enjoyed a large lunch.  This seems to be one of those countries where they just dump stuff on your table and you’re not sure whether it’s what you ordered or whether it’s some freebie that comes with every meal or if it’s something that they’re giving you and will charge you for if you don’t refuse it.  We refused nothing and ended up with way too much food.  But still, when we were all finished and asked how much we owed, the guy said “50?” in a way that made it clear that he was just making up a number that seemed suitably high for the tourists.  We didn’t complain since that is under 7 Euros for the whole large meal and drinks.

We had another similar experience earlier when we stopped for juice.  Ian asked how much for a fresh orange juice and the guy said 3 (it’s 7.50 to the Euro).  That seemed fair enough, although we realized that it was probably high, and we ordered two.  Then two 11-year old boys came in and were practising their English on us.  They had a nice fruit cocktail-looking thing and Ian asked how much it costed.  The boy said 1 and in the midst of our confusion about what he was saying (first he tried to describe what was in it) the proprietor suddenly shooed him out and it was clear that he realized that the one finger being held up in the air was going to clue us in to the extent that we had been overcharged.  Oh well, we got 50 cents of enjoyment out of our juice so we don’t mind.

Time to get these kiddies out the door for some dinner so we don’t have a repeat of last night’s late night.  I’m sure Ian will blog more later.

To say that this place is a hive of activity wouldn’t be doing it justice. Outside the hotel, somewhere in the centre of Cairo, it’s like Picadilly Circus, even after ten in the evening. Every street is in gridlock; the traffic is mayhem. The pavements, too, are awash with people going about their business, all of the shops are open, eateries are run off their feet with customers placing orders… The place is bustling beyond belief.

It also has that nondescript exotic aroma to it, which reminds me of Muscat, Dubai, Bangkok, Istanbul and other such cities, where the senses are bombarded at every turn by a veritable barrage of impressions, especially the olfactory.

I can’t spend long on this entry, because it’s late and we haven’t actually seen much at all yet. You can tell already, though, that this is going to be good.

Sarah has been busy planning our latest trip. We leave tomorrow afternoon for three weeks in Egypt.

This journey will see us spend a number of nights camping in the desert, another few nights on a boat as it makes its way down the Nile, and, of course, a few more nights in more traditional hotel accommodation.

There’s a great deal to see and only three weeks in which to see it in. There’s no way we can hope to see all of a country as big as Egypt in that time, so we’ve been forced to make a few hard choices. Nevertheless, we’re going to see plenty and it’s going to be very exciting; and warm, which is nothing to be taken for granted, I can tell you. We’ve had the mother of all winters here this year and it hasn’t ended yet.

The timing of the trip is good, coming right at the end of a period of sickness for the whole family. I came down with the bug after the rest of the family, so I’ve been struggling these last couple of days and keeping my fingers crossed that I’d be fit for Wednesday’s flight. When I awoke this morning, I could have shat through the eye of a needle without touching the sides, as my grandmother used to say. The prospect of facing the post-meal queue for the toilet on the aeroplane tomorrow was enough to fill me with anticipatory murderous rage.

Happily, though, the gastric storm seems to have blown over and the severely pebbledashed toilets have been scraped clean. Even better, the hospital has given me the all-clear for travel after inspecting the incisions made during last month’s operation. Everything has healed amazingly well and the prosthesis they inserted is doing its job.

My weight is also at a post-April 2009 low again. I’ve repaired the damage done by Xmas in the US and ironed out the blip incurred by not being able to exercise in the post-operative recovery period, but progress has been slow and somewhat frustrating. Nonetheless, I’ll be entering Egypt tipping the scales at a very pleasing 77 kg and hoping, not altogether realistically, to maintain that while we’re there. We’ll see how effectively I can limit the damage.

It’s going to be three weeks of manifold impressions in a society that we’re unlikely to mistake for the home country. Internet access will be sporadic (and obviously non-existent while we’re traversing the desert), but I’ll blog if the opportunity arises.

That was then, but this is now.

I’m glad I learned to write HTML in those early days. It was so simple: learn a few tags, mark up the structure of your document, indicating the headings, the subheadings, the paragraphs, the words requiring emphasis, the program code and the already formatted sections of the document, and then this great piece of software called a browser would render your document accordingly. The results even looked good.

There weren’t too many tags to learn. With nothing more than a basic HTML tutorial, one could be marking up one’s CV or writing an article within the hour. Within a few days, one had pretty much gained familiarity with the entire scope of HTML as it then existed. Marking up a document was conceptually confined to indicating the inherent structure of the document. Rendering was the job of the browser, perhaps under influence of the reader, who was free to express his preference for certain colours and fonts. There were few means for the document’s author to influence the rendering of his document, because that had nothing to do with the content. Even the <FONT> tag hadn’t been invented yet, and would cause a great amount of controversy when it was. Back then, people argued about the usage of <STRONG> vs. <B> and <EM> vs. <I>, the former content-based and therefore approved by the hypertext moralists, the latter presentational and therefore a threat to the logical purity of the Web.

If I were starting out authoring documents for the Web today, it would be an entirely different experience. On today’s Web, document authors — even the term itself seems quaint now — are as much, if not more, concerned with the presentation of their document as its content. In fact, one could even argue that the presentation has, to a large extent, become the content.

This is due in no small part to the mass commercialisation of the Web. You have to remember that, in the first years of the Web, commercial entities were unwelcome. People didn’t want big business polluting the Web. There was no Amazon, no eBay and no Google. AOL was still a separate, proprietary network, the term social networking hadn’t yet been coined and it was still hard to search for information. The Web then was still a niche product, offering little of interest, except to computer geeks and academics. Mathematicians and computer programmers are a lot less concerned with house style and brand recognition than multinational conglomerates, and the presentational technology of the Web reflected that.

These days, however, we have technologies like CSS and JavaScript to contend with. The View Source menu option of the browser used to yield insight into the structure of a document, providing hints on how to mark up one’s own. These days, it merely provides keyhole entrance to the haystack, in which to begin one’s search for a particular needle. Today’s documents have a <HEAD> section as large as the <BODY>, and frequently include multiple stylesheets and JavaScript libraries, used to stylise the presentation and effect dynamic, event-driven updates to the page. Attempting to localise the snippet of code or the particular style responsible for a certain effect can take minutes or even hours, rather than seconds. Styles are object-oriented and therefore frequently layered on top of one another, making it sometimes hard to unravel which particular combination of properties is responsible for a given rendering.

Most of the time, I manage to remain blissfully ignorant of the complicated nature of modern Web authoring. I use comprehensive blogging software and a mark-up plug-in to make the experience of writing prose on a computer as close as possible to that of using an electric typewriter. I’m more concerned with getting words onto the page than I am with serving you distracting animation or polyphonic sound while you read. Sorry. Not that these things can’t enhance your reading experience; just that I’m not as concerned with them.

The recent move of this blog from Movable Type to WordPress brought me into close contact with the inner ugliness of the modern Web. Before I knew it, I was wrestling with page layout and legibility issues, when all I wanted to do was write. Visual themes take away a lot of the headaches, but they also add a few of their own. No theme suits me without some modification, but before one can set to work on this, one must learn the structure of the theme, the styles it uses and how it relies on JavaScript. That can be quite an investment of time and energy. Small modifications often don’t have the intended effect and it can take multiple attempts and a lot of hair-wrenching to get things working exactly as you want them. Before you know it, you’ve got a dozen browser tabs open at various works of reference on CSS and JavaScript.

A good case in point is the automatically expanding box in which this paragraph is written.
 
You have no idea how long it took me to get this to work the way I wanted. I needed it for the in-line
examples of code that I sometimes post, which wouldn't otherwise have fit. Even the current
behaviour is a compromise, because I couldn't get it to do exactly what I wanted.

If you’ve got a slower computer or you ever browse the Web on a phone, you will have felt the proliferation of Flash around the Web. Huge applets that add little or nothing of value, often just mundane advertising, seem to crop up on the pages of just about every large site these days. I block these with a browser plug-in, but in the worst cases, the site is inoperable without them. All too often, the entire page consists of a single interactive piece of Flash. If one has a broadband Internet connection and a powerful computer, the effect can be impressive, but this should never come at the expense of accessibility. Flash, and other such fluff, is a nice way to enhance a page, but a site should never be reliant upon it. All too often, Web authors rely on it for core functionality.

Such authors are missing the point of the World Wide Web. They, along with those who advise us that their site is “best viewed with version Y of browser X” are, perhaps unwittingly, actively undermining the pioneering work of those whose designs, based on open standards, make the Web even possible in the first place.

So, we’re seeing a shrinkage in the universal accessibility of the Web. The Web may be world-wide in scope, but its usability is no longer global. We’ve strayed a long way from the ideal.

And yet, there’s a trend far more disturbing than the one towards form over content, packaging over product. It’s bad enough that presentation has, to a large degree, subjugated content, but much more worse is the voluntary surrender of publishing liberty.

The Web was conceived as a universally accessible network of documents. Content was unencumbered, freely available to all. The blogging revolution seized upon this principle and a new paradigm of amateur journalism and publishing was born, in much the same way that desktop-publishing had caused a minor revolution in the off-line publishing world fifteen years earlier.

In recent years, however, we’ve seen a disturbing trend towards authors willingly choosing to publish their work in a limited access forum. Take, for example, those authors who write exclusively on Facebook or one of the other so-called social networking sites.

Ten years ago, the Web was home to millions of highly individualistic home pages, the unique calling card of each individual author. All were created from scratch, so no two looked exactly the same.

Later came the blogs and, whilst the advent of easy to use blogging software and blog hosting sites was deleterious to the unique appearance of the personal home page, that appearance could still be modified at the will of the user and, much more importantly, access to the content was still universal.

Compare that with today’s voluntary retreat into the proprietary territory of services like Facebook. Users post not only instantly disposable one-line status updates, but also extended articles, photos and other content. Prior to the rise of social networking sites, such content would have been posted in a publicly accessible domain, but is now consigned to the proprietorship of a corporate entity, where it remains inaccessible to non-members. Not only that, it is also forced into the creative corset of the Facebook house style. The negative impact is both to the author, in the form of creative restriction, and to the reader, in the form of drastically reduced accessibility.

This voluntary surrender of free and uninhibited access on a massive scale is truly a lamentable development in the evolution of the Web and hearkens back to the bad old days before the mass adoption of the Internet, when companies like Compuserve, AOL and Microsoft tried to lure users away from the Internet with the promise of a superior, parallel network infrastructure containing higher quality content produced by experts.

Similarly, Facebook is in the business of appropriating authors and their content on a massive scale, because the more people there are on Facebook, the more reason there is for those not on Facebook to get on Facebook. It’s a subtle form of coercion, with the users themselves as the catalyst. It’s harder to blame the company than it is the dimwits who have made it what it is today.

The poor bargain that is being made by users who surrender their freedom to the likes of Facebook is one of which most of them actually remain unaware. Those who consider the matter at all doubtless feel that the trade-off is a worthwhile one, and that the service has reached such critical mass that it can scarcely even be considered proprietary any more. After all, anyone is free to open an account and partake of the content. Whilst it’s true that anyone can become a member, most of the content will continue to remain invisible to me until its author acknowledges me as a friend. Besides the accessibility issues, there are many other reasons to resist the Facebook hegemony, which I won’t go into here.

In removing from the public eye content that would otherwise have been readily digestible by anyone anywhere in the world, Facebook is building a compelling case for non-members to join. After all, how can we afford not to, when all of our friends, family members and colleagues have apparently already done so? If you can’t beat them, should you not join them?

I believe the only possible answer is a resounding No!

The Internet is the single most important invention in our lifetime. Its omnipotence flows directly from the universal nature of its content, content that is served up using technology based on open standards. Users who willingly donate their creative work to the exclusive pool that companies like Facebook use to justify their valuation as access providers of that content undermine a truly world-wide Web. That creative work is subsumed and becomes a fractional enlargement of the body of proprietary content that Facebook uses as a compelling argument for the rest of us to join.

You don’t need Facebook to stay in touch with your friends and you certainly don’t need it to enable you to reach people with the written word.

Make no mistake: Facebook is not free. There is a very real price that all of us pay if you use it.

As the man once said, freedom’s wasted on the free.

To prove there’s still life in this old coder’s brain, however, I’ve been working on version 0.8.0 for the better part of the last week.

That work has involved my least favourite type of coding: rewriting from scratch. Specifically, the implementation of batched requests and multiple operations had become unmaintainable. I could no longer read my own code, even with plenty of comments. Worse, there were bugs that needed fixing and it was impossible to set to work for fear of introducing new gremlins.

So, there was really no way around it. I kicked a new approach around in the back of my head for a couple of days and, when I was ready to commit some time to coding, sat down at the computer, deleted the methods related to the old implementation (to prevent them from negatively influencing me) and set about reimplementing the features from scratch.

The work was quite painful, but I’d expected that, which is why the rewrite had been postponed for as long as it had. In the course of writing the new implementation and producing unit tests for it, bugs came to light that had gone undetected in the old implementation. These have now been dutifully squashed.

If you need programmatic access to Amazon’s catalogue and shopping cart facility, I urge you to look at Ruby/AWS. It’s almost two years old, maturing well and takes a lot of the headaches out of querying for Amazon’s products.

The full list of changes in 0.8.0 can be found on RAA.

Not coincidentally, I’ve regained some respect for Wouter Bos in the last 12 hours.

Bos wanted to stick to an agreement made by this cabinet in 2007 when it first took office, that Dutch troops would be pulled out of Afghanistan at the end of 2010. Significantly, the majority of the population of this country still support the withdrawal of troops, as do an overwhelming number of politicians in the Dutch parliament. So, what could possibly be the problem?

Well, that agreement was made three whole years ago and you know what politicians are like. Bos’s CDA and CU colleagues felt that the cabinet should continue to discuss all options, which, of course, is not very well veiled political twaddle for wanting to ram their own will down the voters’ throat. Who cares about the will of the people or their elected representatives in Dutch parliament?

NATO recently issued a formal request for the Dutch to stay in Afghanistan beyond 2010, no doubt assuming that those in power would do the usual cowardly thing and bend to the will of their American masters. Not this time, though.

I don’t often find myself agreeing with the PvdA these days, but, to his credit, Bos wasn’t having any of it. An agreement is an agreement, he said, and the will of the people isn’t there to support other options, so why discuss them? No, Dutch troops must be out of Afghanistan by the end of 2010 and I’m not willing to discuss alternatives.

And, with neither side prepared to back down and lose face either towards the other coalition partners or, indeed, within their own party faction, the last drops of goodwill at the bottom of a barrel already more than vigorously scraped evaporated, leaving Bos no other choice but to resign from the cabinet. With that, he took the support of the PvdA with him, leaving the cabinet unable to continue to govern.

For Balkenende, our Harry Potter lookalike prime-minister, it’s the latest of four dissolved cabinets that he has led. Not once in the history of his four terms in office has he managed to see the job through to the end. Either the man is very unlucky or it’s time to draw an increasingly unavoidable conclusion. Time to write your memoires, perhaps, Jan Peter?

The government splintering into pieces is becoming business as usual in this country. Things could be a lot worse, though. Looking around, one could be forgiven for indulging in the wishful thinking that some other countries’ governments would throw in the towel. Seemingly, no scandal is large enough to bring about the demise of the government in many countries, notably the more powerful ones. The politicians themselves have no honour, so they remain in office long after they’ve been exposed and discredited as idiots and liars, and the public who put them there are too jaded to demand their resignation. Democracy in action, people.

At least the coalition system here ensures that the politicians ultimately end up trusting one another as little as we trust all of them. You have to at least be grateful that our forefathers built that little bit of amusing poetic justice into the system, don’t you?

Anyway, not much is going to get done here in the next few months. The queen will appoint a demissionary government, whose bums will serve to warm the seats of the next elected government of this land. By its very nature, though, this cabinet won’t be empowered to do much. One has to wonder how the current economic crisis will be navigated. What, for example, would happen if a Dutch bank appeared likely to keel over on Monday? It’s not clear that it could be prevented, even if the political will to do so were there.

Perhaps the hardest question of all is who to vote for in the summer, which is when the next general election will probably happen. No-one’s looking even remotely appealing.

There’s ample material there for another blog entry, though.